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Iron Ore is the essential raw material for steel – the backbone of modern infrastructure and industry. Over 98% of mined iron ore is used to produce steel, which is found in everything from buildings and bridges to railways, ships, and household appliances. As the world pushes for greener and more efficient production, high-grade iron ore has become increasingly important in supporting low-emission steelmaking and sustainable development.
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements comprising the 15 lanthanides—lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu)—together with scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y).
Each element possesses distinct magnetic, optical, catalytic, and electrical properties that make them irreplaceable in many advanced technologies. Due to their unique characteristics and limited economically recoverable deposits, rare earth elements have become critical raw materials supporting renewable energy, electronics, aerospace, medical devices, and defense industries worldwide.